Fund Finance

Astrea 9 - CFO Case Study

Astrea 9 CFO case study: distribution reports, financial statements, rating actions, rating criteria, and transaction references.

Waterfall & Documents

Waterfall

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Fitch Waterfall

Payment order from Fitch's Astrea 9 report. Cash moves down the diagram; conditional priorities apply only when their stated conditions are met.

Normal payments 13 priorities

Before enforcement, on each distribution date.

Available cash flow

Operating-account cash at the distribution reference date, less the retained amount.

  1. Priority 1: Taxes and senior expenses

    USD0.9m cap

    Pay issuer and asset-company taxes and expenses not assigned to priorities 2-13. The cap applies to each six-month distribution period and adjusts proportionately for shorter or longer periods.

  2. Priority 2: Senior hedge payments

    Pay amounts due under the issuer's swaps, excluding the counterparty-default or affected-party termination payments assigned to priority 12.

  3. Priority 3: Manager fees

    Pay fees due to the manager.

  4. Priority 4: Credit facility

    1. Commitment fees
    2. Interest and other payables
    3. Principal repayment
  5. Priority 5: Class A-1 and A-2 interest

    Pay unpaid accrued interest on an equal-ranking (pari passu), pro rata basis.

  6. Priority 6: Disposal proceeds

    If fund interests are sold

    Apply 100% of cash remaining after priorities 1-5, limited to the net disposal proceeds received.

    Any Class A bonds outstanding
    1. Fill Class A reserves to the cap, counting eligible banker's guarantees
    2. Repay Class B PIK principal
    All Class A bonds redeemed
    1. Repay Class B PIK principal
  7. Priority 7: Scheduled Class A reserves

    Fund the reserves accounts, subject to the reserves cap.

    1. Recoup realised losses on reserve investments
    2. Pay unpaid reserve amounts
    3. Fund the current reserve amount
  8. Priority 8: Class A LTV cure

    Class A LTV > 50%

    Apply 100% of cash remaining after priorities 1-7 to Class A reserves. Stop when the reserve cap is reached, including eligible banker's guarantees, or the Class A LTV no longer exceeds 50%, whichever occurs first.

  9. Priority 9: Class B PIK amortisation

    All Class A bonds redeemed

    Apply 90% of cash remaining after priorities 1-8 to outstanding Class B PIK principal.

  10. Priority 10: Class B / cumulative LTV cure

    Cumulative LTV > 55%

    After priorities 1-9, apply 100% of remaining cash until the cumulative LTV no longer exceeds 55%.

    Any Class A bonds outstanding
    1. Fill Class A reserves to the cap, counting eligible banker's guarantees
    2. Repay Class B PIK principal
    All Class A bonds redeemed
    1. Repay Class B PIK principal
  11. Priority 11: Remaining expenses

    Pay administrative expenses above the priority 1 cap and any other expenses.

  12. Priority 12: Subordinated hedge terminations

    Pay early-termination amounts where the hedge counterparty is the defaulting party following an event of default, or the affected party following a termination event.

  13. Priority 13: Equity distributions

    Residual cash

    Distribute 100% of cash remaining after priorities 1-12 to equity investors.

Post-enforcement payments 10 priorities

An event of default has occurred and the bonds have been accelerated.

Available enforcement funds

Sweep collection-account cash daily to the operating accounts. Apply available funds in the operating, reserves and settlement accounts, excluding settlement amounts earmarked for acquisition-related shareholder loans and bond-issue fees and expenses.

  1. Priority 1: Taxes and enforcement expenses

    Uncapped

    Pay eligible priority 1 amounts without the normal cap. Administrative expenses qualify here only to the extent required to enforce the security or the bonds.

  2. Priority 2: Senior hedge payments

    Pay amounts due and outstanding under the issuer's swaps, excluding the termination payments assigned to priority 9.

  3. Priority 3: Credit facility

    1. Commitment fees
    2. Interest and other payables
    3. Principal repayment
  4. Priority 4: Class A-1 and A-2 interest

    Pay unpaid accrued interest on an equal-ranking (pari passu), pro rata basis.

  5. Priority 5: Class A-1 and A-2 principal

    Repay outstanding principal and any applicable premium on an equal-ranking (pari passu), pro rata basis.

  6. Priority 6: Class B PIK principal

    Repay outstanding Class B PIK principal.

  7. Priority 7: Remaining expenses

    Pay unpaid administrative expenses and any other expenses not included in enforcement priority 1.

  8. Priority 8: Capital calls

    Pay capital calls.

  9. Priority 9: Subordinated hedge terminations

    Pay early-termination amounts where the hedge counterparty is the defaulting party following an event of default, or the affected party following a termination event.

  10. Priority 10: Equity distributions

    Pay equity investors after the preceding priorities.

Cash flow and trigger notes

Payments outside the normal distribution waterfall

  • Capital calls are paid first from operating-account cash when due, even on a distribution date.
  • Taxes and administrative expenses due between distribution dates are paid when due and counted toward the next distribution date's priority 1 cap.
  • Credit-facility interest and principal, and senior swap payments, due between distribution dates are paid from operating-account cash when due.

Normal cash-flow sources

  • Transfers from collection accounts
  • Reserve-account interest income and realised gains
  • Operating-custody cash and realised asset-disposal proceeds
  • Credit-facility loan proceeds
  • Retained and additional retained amounts carried from the previous period
  • Equity-investment proceeds
  • Residual settlement cash after acquisition-related shareholder loans and bond-issue fees and expenses

Reserves and LTV tests

  • Class A reserve funding is capped at USD750m, or a lower amount if required to settle the principal hedge. Eligible banker's guarantees count toward the applicable reserve-cap tests.
  • Class A LTV: Class A principal plus credit-facility loans, net of reserves, divided by portfolio NAV. Threshold: 50%.
  • Cumulative LTV: principal of all bond classes plus credit-facility loans, net of reserves, divided by portfolio NAV. The 55% test is evaluated after priorities 1-9.

Source: Fitch Ratings, Astrea 9 Pte. Ltd. - New Issue, . Appendix 2, pages 27-29; reserve and LTV explanations, pages 7-8. Payment terms are condensed for the diagrams.

Reports & financial statements
Rating actions
Rating criteria - 2025 launch
Rating criteria - 2026 review
Factsheet & supplementary references

Historical rates, July 31, 2025

Observation date:

SOFR reference rates

SOFR rates as of July 31, 2025
Reference rateRate
Overnight SOFR4.39000%
30-day compounded SOFR4.34098%
90-day compounded SOFR4.33951%
180-day compounded SOFR4.37470%

Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, via FRED and ALFRED.

Compounded averages: 30 days · 90 days · 180 days.

These are historical observations for July 31. The overnight fixing for July 31 was published the following business day, August 1, 2025.

The 30-, 90-, and 180-day figures are backward-looking compounded averages, not forward-looking swap quotes.

Treasury par yield curve

Treasury yields, July 31, 2025
MaturityTreasury yield
1 month4.49%
3 months4.41%
6 months4.31%
1 year4.10%
2 years3.94%
3 years3.89%
5 years3.96%
7 years4.14%
10 years4.37%
20 years4.89%
30 years4.89%

Source: U.S. Treasury, July 2025 daily yields.

Historical SOFR/OIS curve

The Federal Housing Finance Agency publishes historical interest-rate curve workbooks for market risk scenarios, including Treasury, SOFR, and OIS curves.

FHFA July 31, 2025 interest-rate curves (Excel) · FHFA archive

The archive lists the July 31, 2025 workbook. Its individual SOFR and OIS curve points have not been verified here.

For your model, pair July 31, 2025 SOFR/OIS curve data with July 31, 2025 swap quotes. Do not mix the July 2025 SOFR fixing with the October 2026 swaps on the Interest Rates page. That would combine two different market valuation dates.

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